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Survey of heavy metals in the catfish Synodontis clarias
(Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech, 2007) Agbozu, I. E.; Ekweozor, I. K. E.; Opuene, K.
Elevated levels of heavy metals in the catfish Synodontis clarias can be a good indication of pollution of an aquatic ecosystem due to anthropogenic influence. The concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn and Ni were determined in Synodontis clarias caught along a section of Taylor Creek and its associated tributaries. Samples were collected bimonthly between July 1999 and June 2000 in five stations. The metals: Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Mn were recorded in appreciable quantities, signifying their bioavailability. The levels of Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Mn may have obvious health implications on the rural communities that depend on fish species as fish supplement in view of its rich protein content and its bio-economic value. Generally, the sources of the metals in the catfish appear to be point and diffuse which include rural and agricultural runoff sources in the catchments area. However, the presence of an oil industry activity (Etelebou oil field and flow station) in one of its tributaries appears to be the major point source of the metal pollutants.
Identification of perylene in sediments: Occurrence and diagenetic evolution
(International Journal Environmental Science Technology, 2007) Agbozu, I. E.; Opuene, K.; Iwuozor, C. C.
Perylene and penta-aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in sediments as part of a study that was dedicated to the aquatic ecosystem of Elelenwo Creek (Southern Nigeria) in order to carry out a critical corroboration of occurrence and diagenetic evolution of perylene in the sediments of the creek. The results show that the annual mean levels of Benzo [g, h, i] Perylene ranged from 209.00 – 245.28 µg/kg dry weight at the various stations sampled. Meanwhile, Station 3 recorded the highest mean level of 245.28 µg/kg dry weight. The observed values for total penta-aromatic hydrocarbons were high (787.00 - 1154.36µg/kg dry weight) in all the stations sampled. In addition, the highest mean value of 1154.36µg/kg dry weight was again recorded at station 3 for the penta-aromatic hydrocarbons. One origin index or concentration ratio of Ip/Ip+BghiP was also used to evaluate the suitability of the penta-aromatic hydrocarbons as a tracer to distinguish between contaminations arising from different sources. The values for the sampling stations therefore ranged from 0.41 to 0.43. A critical appraisal of the PAH index, consequently, suggested that petroleum combustion is the major penta-aromatic hydrocarbon source in sediments of the creek. The PAH group profile shows that perylene was high in the sediments and would pose apparent effects in fauna. The high concentration of perylene in the sediments was also indicative of an in situ biogenic derivation. Furthermore, a concentration of perylene > 10 % of total penta-aromatic hydrocarbons established a credible diagenetic origin.
Investigation Of The Microbial-Induced Corrosion Potential Of Soils In Southern Ijaw LGA In Niger Delta, Nigeria
(Bachudo Sciences Co. Ltd., 2008) PUYATE, Y. T.; RIM-RUKEH, Akpofure
Investigation of sulphate-reducing bacteria induced corrosion potential of soils along 18-inch 45km Tebidaba/Brass underground oil pipeline in Southern Ijaw LGA of Bayelsa State, Nigeria, is carried out experimentally. The analysis involves determination of some physico-chemical parameters of soils in the pipeline route, and testing corrosion products formed on the surfaces of X60 steel coupon buried in the soils for one year. It is shown that the soils are clayey in nature and highly corrosive with high population of sulphate-reducing bacteria (104 – 106 cfu/g). The ranges of other measured properties of the soils (pH (4.8 – 5.2), temperature (17– 21oC), water content (79 – 89 %), organic matter (10.7 – 15.6 % dry wt), redox potential (–79 to –95mV), sulphate (0.8 –13.6mg/l)) favour growth of sulphate-reducing bacteria. Black deposits on the surfaces of the buried coupons are iron sulphide resulting from attack on the metal by sulphate-reducing bacteria in the soils.
Biodegradation Potential of Oil-based Drill Cuttings Encapsulated with Cement in the Soil Environment
(Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management (JASEM), 2011-12) Rim-Rukeh Akpofure
Biodegradation potential of slabs made from oil-based drill cuttings encapsulated with cement in a soil environment has been experimentally investigated. Results of soil analyses show that physico-chemical and biological characteristics of the soil environment as; pH (5.6 – 3.9), temperature (27.7 – 39.5 oC), redox potential (-114mV – (-80mV), total organic carbon (12.7% - 7.3%), sulphate (0.7 – 0.2mg/l), nitrate (6.7 – 2.2mg/l), moisture content (82-89%) and total microbial count (105 – 1013 cfu/g). Experimental results shows a mass loss of oil base drill cuttings encapsulated with cement slab during the period of the study, indicating approximate linear relationship between mass loss and time. When the log of mass-loss is plotted against time, an approximate linear relationship is obtained confirming a first-order chemical reaction for the biodegradation process. Results of the analyses of the soil sample indicate an environment that has the potential to degrade cement encapsulated oil based drill cuttings.
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Of S45c Mild Steel In Cassava Mill Effluent
(Research Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2012) Rim-Rukeh Akpofure
In the cassava processing mill S45C mild steel is used as the construction material for the grating. The S45C mild steel exposed to the cassava mill effluent faces possible corrosion action due to the microorganisms. In the present study the role of microorganisms in cassava mill effluent on the corrosion of S45C mild steel has been experimentally investigated. Outcome of this investigation provides opportunities for material selection in the construction of cassava mill. Chemical and biological characterises of cassava mill effluent was also experimentally determined. Corrosion rate has been estimated by weight loss measurements. Results indicate the cassava mill effluent exhibits the necessary qualities of an environment suitable for the promotion and sustenance of microbiologically influenced corrosion. The corrosion rates of S45C mild steel in the cassava mill effluent were 1.37, 1.41, 1.60, 1.85, 1.88 mpy at 10, 20, 30 40 and 50 days respectively. Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Neisseria sp. and Lactobacillus sp. were identified in cassava mill effluent.
On The Technological Promises and Challenges Facing E-Businesses in Nigeria
(Computing, Information Systems & Development Informatics, 2012) UGBENE, Ifeanyichukwu Jeff; UGWU, Ejike; EZE, Everestus Obinwanne
This paper attempts to address the technological promises and challenges facing e-business in Nigeria. E-business represents a major opportunity for developing nations that can access it effectively and a threat to those that cannot. E-business holds great promise and challenges for Nigeria in ten areas: what is really e-business, potential benefits of the internet in Nigeria, the development context in Nigeria, e-business: towards a conceptual understanding, strategies to encourage the ICT infrastructure in Nigeria, technology requirements and components for e-business in Nigeria, technology services, the challenges faced by Nigerians in the use of e-business, the policy challenge for Nigeria and finally, the impact of information technology upon productivity in Nigeria.
Genetic Algorithm Rule-Based Intrusion Detection System (GAIDS)
(Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, 2012-08) Ojugo, Arnold Adimabua; Eboka, A.O.; Okonta, O.E.; Yoro, R.E; Aghware, F.O.
This study examines the detection of attacks or network intrusion by users referred to as hackers (whose aim is to gain illegal entry as well as access to a network system and resources. Network and data security has become a pertinent issue with the advent of the Internet; though the Internet comes with a lot of merits on its own. Traditional used methods for data security includes the use of passwords, cryptography to mention few. The approach considered here is Intrusion Detection System, which is a software, driver or device used to prevent an unauthorized or illegal access to data in a networked system. Most of the existing IDS are implemented via rule-based systems where new attacks are not detectable. This study thus, presents a genetic algorithm based approach (with its driver implementation), which employs a set of classification rule derived from network audit data and the support-confidence framework, utilized as fitness function to judge the quality of each rule. The software implementation is aimed at improving system security in networked settings allowing for confidentiality, integrity and availability of system resources.
ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROMISES AND CHALLENGES FACING E-BUSINESSES IN NIGERIA
(International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals, 2012-12) UGBENE, Ifeanyichukwu Jeff; UGWU, Ejike; EZE, Everestus Obinwanne
This paper attempts to address the technological promises and challenges facing e-business in Nigeria. E-business represents a major opportunity for developing nations that can access it effectively and a threat to those that cannot. E-business holds great promise and challenges for Nigeria in ten areas: what is really e-business, potential benefits of the internet in Nigeria, the development context in Nigeria, e-business: towards a conceptual understanding, strategies to encourage the ICT infrastructure in Nigeria, technology requirements and components for e-business in Nigeria, technology services, the challenges faced by Nigerians in the use of e-business, the policy challenge for Nigeria and finally, the impact of information technology upon productivity in Nigeria.
Traditional beliefs and conservation of natural resources
(Academic Journals, 2013-07) Rim-Rukeh Akpofure; G. Irerhievwie,G.; Agbozu, I.E
The role of traditional beliefs systems in the conservation of natural resources in some selected communities in Delta State, Nigeria, have been studied. Methodology of study involves the use of personal interview, literature review, group discussion, and site visitation carried out by the authors between April 2011 and March 2012. Findings show that traditional natural resources management in the selected communities are classified into the following categories: protection of particular ecosystems or habitats (such as sacred groves and sacred rivers/pond); and protection of particular animals or plant species (such as totem and tabooed species). The practices concerned relate to trees, forests, wildlife and marine organisms. The environmental wisdom and ethics expressed through these religious beliefs are very useful tools in natural resource management. Using the classification of the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the plants and animals species in the study scared groves and forest can be described as an environment with widespread and abundant taxonomy and are not at risk or endangered.
Traditional beliefs and conservation of natural resources: Evidences from selected communities in Delta State, Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2013-07) AGBOZU, I.E; RIM-RUKEH, A; IRERHIEVWIE, G
The role of traditional beliefs systems in the conservation of natural resources in some selected communities in Delta State, Nigeria, have been studied. Methodology of study involves the use of personal interview, literature review, group discussion, and site visitation carried out by the authors between April 2011 and March 2012. Findings show that traditional natural resources management in the selected communities are classified into the following categories: protection of particular ecosystems or habitats (such as sacred groves and sacred rivers/pond); and protection of particular animals or plant species (such as totem and tabooed species). The practices concerned relate to trees, forests, wildlife and marine organisms. The environmental wisdom and ethics expressed through these religious beliefs are very useful tools in natural resource management. Using the classification of the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the plants and animals species in the study scared groves and forest can be described as an environment with widespread and abundant taxonomy and are not at risk or endangered.
An Assessment of the Contribution of Municipal Solid Waste Dump Sites Fire to Atmospheric Pollution
(Scientific Research Publishing(SCIRP), 2014) Rim-Rukeh Akpofure
Municipal solid waste open dump site operation is an important element of waste management in Nigeria, both today and in the future. Dump site fires are common occurrences in the study area. The contribution of municipal solid waste dump site fires to atmospheric pollution in the Niger Delta, Nigeria has been assessed experimentally. Five (5) municipal solid waste dump sites where fire incidence is a frequent and regular occurrence were chosen for the study. At each of the identified municipal solid waste dump site, eight (8) air quality monitoring parameters, suspended particulate matter (SPM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) and Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) were determined using a series of hand held air quality monitoring equipment. Results indicate the levels of SPM ranged between 773 and 801 µg/m3 and the levels of CO ranged between 133.7 and 141.6 ppm. The levels of CO2 ranged between 401 ppm and 404.5 ppm while that of NO2 ranged between 21.0 ppm and 27.3 ppm. The levels of SO2 ranged between 27.7 ppm and 37.1 ppm while that of NH3 ranged from 14.7 to 19.5 ppm. The levels of methane in the study area ranged between 2310 ppm and 2771 ppm and within the vicinity of dump site fires H2S concentration ranges from 3.4 to 7.7 ppm. Levels of SPM, CO, CO2, and CH4 within the vicinity of the dump site fires were above regulatory limits. Dump site fires in the study area could threaten the health of anyone especially the dump site workers that are regularly exposed to the thick smoke and can be implicated in climate change debate. There is a need to develop better practices with regard to municipal solid waste open dump site operation and emission control.
A Contingent Claim Approach to Bank Valuation
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2014) Okedoye, Michael Akindele; Owoloko, Enahoro Alfred; Omoregbe, Nicholas Amienwan
In this paper, the model formulated incorporated stochastic variables such as bank loans and deposits as well as some deterministic variables: cash available, depreciation, capital expenditure, tax and costs, comprising variable costs and fixed costs. This paper assumes that the dynamics of bank loans and deposits at time t follow a geometric Brownian motion, therefore, it satisfies certain stochastic differential equations (SDEs) formulated on some probability space. On the other hand, the growth rate μL(t) in loan at time t, growth rate μD(t) in deposit at time t, and the variable cost η(t) at time t are assumed to be driven by mean-reverting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. The SDEs of the dynamics of bank loans, growth rate in loans, bank deposits, growth rate in deposits and variable cost arising from the model were solved by means of the ItÔ Lemma. Discrete time approximations of the exact solutions of the SDEs were derived and used in a Monte Carlos simulation software.
Generalized Hyers-Ulam Stability of Second Order Linear Ordinary Differential Equation with Initial Condition
(Adv. Inequal, 2014) OTAIDE, I.; MODEBEI, M. I.; OLAIYA, O.O.
The stability of ordinary differential equation has been investigated and this investigation is ongoing. In this work, we investigate the stability of second-order linear ordinary differential nonhomogeneous equation with initial condition in the Hyers-Ulam sense.
The effects of the Niger Delta oil crisis on women folks
(Journal of African Studies and Development, 2014-01-29) Celestina Ihayere; Doris Fovwe Ogeleka; Theresa Ifeyinwa Ataine
The Niger Delta area is one of the locations that is seriously affected by oil spill in Nigeria’s fifty one years of oil exploration. This study was designed to investigate the effects of the Niger Delta oil crisis on the women folks. Oil crisis could result in vast effects on humans and animals which include social, ecological, health, economical amongst others. The environment (air, water, soil) usually indicates the presence of hydrocarbon and petrogenic pollution and this affects aquatic lives and agricultural practices. These result in decrease in fishing resources, damage to marine flora and fauna, loss of biodiversity, deforestation, coastal and marine erosion and flooding. The inability of the people to fix these problems and the supposedly government insensitivity had been the cause of persistent conflicts and confrontation with government and oil companies in the area. Women suffer great hardships in times of conflict and the Niger Delta women are no exception. During the conflicts with oil companies and the Nigerian government, women are subjected to all kinds of violence - sexual such as rape; physical violence such as beatings, maiming murder, and destruction of properties. The effects of these conflicts on the social wellbeing of the women folks in this area were assessed in this study.
On the Unsteady Free Convective Flow with Radiative Heat Transfer of Sisko Fluid
(IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 2015) Okedoye, Akindele Michael
An approximate numerical solution of an unsteady free convective flow with radiative heat transfer past a flat plate moving through a binary mixture for a Sisco fluid has been obtained by solving the governing equations using numerical technique. Numerical calculations are carried out for different values of dimensionless parameters and an analysis of the results obtained shows that the flow is influenced appreciably by the chemical reaction, heat source, suction/injection at the wall and also the influence of Dufour and Soret in Sisco fluid.
Physico-Chemical Characterization and Pollution Index Determination of Leachates from Warri Waste Dumpsite, Southern Nigeria
(J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 2015) AGBOZU, I. E; OGHAMA, O. E; ODHIKORI, J. O
This study characterizes the leachates quality of an active dumpsite in Warri, Delta State and also analyses its contamination or pollution potential. Leachate Pollution index (LPI) - a tool for quantifying pollution potential of leachates generated from dumpsites - has been used to quantify the leachates contamination potential of the dumpsite. The LPI values for the different sample locations L1, L2 and L3 were computed to be 5.69, 6.18 and 5.89 respectively with a mean value of 5.80, while the control had a value of 4.82. These LPI values were also compared with the LPI standard (7.38) for treated leachates. Comparison of the mean LPI value (5.80) with the standard (7.38) indicated a relatively low contamination potential of the leachates. Moreover, it was observed that the concentration of the individual parameters of the leachates is quite variable. The organic strength (BOD5 divided by COD) of the dumpsite was less than 0.5, while the pH values indicated that all sample locations in terms of age was mature, an indication of dumpsite stabilization. The study recommends continuous monitoring of leachates and upgrade to an engineered landfill to forestall possible pollution problems in future. ©JASEM
Oil Spill Management in Nigeria: SWOT Analysis of the Joint Investigation Visit (JIV) Process
(Scientific Research Publishing(SCIRP), 2015-03-27) Rim-Rukeh Akpofure
The Joint Investigation Visit (JIV) process of the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA) have been analysed using the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) methodology. The oil spill Joint Investigation Visit (JIV) is empowered by the Oil Spill Recovery, Clean-up, Remediation and Damage Assessment Regulations, 2011 Section 5. The strength of the JIV process lies within its participatory nature and the well defined legal structure of the process. The oil spill Joint Investigation Visit process in Nigeria has several weaknesses—lack of independence and oversight, lack of technical competence on the part of regulatory bodies, lack of technical competence on the part of community representative, lack of transparency on the part of oil companies, lack of general procedure for determining the actual cause of spill, lack of general procedure for determining the actual volume of oil spilled, determination on the size of the impacted area and exclusion of women from the JIV Process. The JIV process for oil spill presents a number of opportunities such as; increasing community awareness, growing consciousness through Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and capacity building of stakeholders. Possible threats to the JIV process include; poor governance and corruption, manipulation of the Process by the spiller through the start date of an oil spill and obvious lack of transparency. Improved effectiveness of the JIV process will depend on strengthening of government agency coordination, integrated decision-making adequate training to various stakeholders and supporting infrastructure for purposeful monitoring and enforcement.
Impact Of Cassava Processing On The Water Quality Of Selected Tropical Streams In Delta State Southern Nigeria
(Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria, 2016) Rim-Rukeh Akpofure; Irerhievwie, G
Effects of cassava processing on the water quality of selected tropical streams (Atochi, Inyite and Iyida) in Southern Nigeria have been experimentally studied. The study was carried out on a weekly basis for a period of four months within the rainy season (June-September) in the year 2013. Three sampling stations were established along the river courses (upstream, midstream and downstream of the cassava processing site). Results of physico-chemical analysis of the water samples showed that cassava processing caused a decrease in dissolved oxygen and pH and an increase in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total microbial count (TMC), temperature, phosphates, sulphates and nitrates. Using a water quality index (WQI) in classifying water quality of the streams show that the values of the index are generally greater than 2 at sampling points A (downstream) and C (upstream) across the three streams indicating that the water quality at sampling points A and C in the three water bodies is acceptable. However, at sampling point B (mid stream) across the three water bodies the water quality index ranges between 0.6 and 1.06 indicating that the water quality at sampling point B across the water bodies is poor.
Assessment of Asymmetric Mangrove Restoration Trials in Ogoniland, Niger Delta, Nigeria: Lessons for Future Intervention
(Ecological Restoration, 2016) Nenibarini Zabbey; Franklin B.G. Tanee
Mangrove restoration has been undertaken with varying degrees of success in many tropical and subtropical marine shorelines around the globe. However, mangrove reforestation in the Niger Delta, Africa’s largest delta and mangrove belt is, at best, rudimentary. Here, we present floristic results on two opportunistic artificial mangrove regeneration case studies aimed at restoring mangrove swamps damaged by oil pollution (Bodo Creek) and colonized by invasive Nypa fruticans (nypa palm) (Kono Creek) in Ogoniland, eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria. Nursery raised seedlings of the delta’s dominant Rhizophora racemosa were planted 1 m apart in zigzag fashion at both locations. Planting at the oil-polluted site was preceded by soil quality investigation and bio-stimulation with fertilizer, whereas at Kono Creek, there was no addition of fertilizer before and after planting. A 3-year post planting evaluation of survival rate, growth, and girth parameters showed better performance of mangroves at the Bodo Creek restoration than at the Kono Creek restoration, with survival rates of 72% and 12%, respectively. In sharp contrast to the Bodo Creek restoration, few stands of the planted mangroves at the Kono Creek restoration had started producing propagules. Investigations of soil quality, and where necessary, followed by remedial treatment, particularly augmenting key nutrients, are critical precursors of successful artificial mangrove regeneration.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Open Access Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Acalypha ciliata plant
(Springer Open, 2016-06) ODEJA,Oluwakayode; OGWUCHE, Christiana Ene,; ELEMIKE, Elias Emeka; OBI, Grace
Background: Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of hexane, ethylacetate and methanol crude extracts of Acalypha ciliata plant was studied in this work. This plant according to folk medicine has been reported to be used for treatment of female sterility, dressing of sores and schistosomiasis. Methods: The preliminary screening of the various extracts was carried out using standard methods and the results revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, reducing sugar, anthraquinones, resins and glycosides. The antimicrobial screening was carried out using the following organisms; Staphylococcus aureus, Eshericha coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruguinosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiellae pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum and Rhizopus stolonifer. The free radical scavenging capacity using hydrogen peroxide was equally determined to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the extracts. Results: The result obtained showed that Acalypha ciliata extracts have interesting pharmacological active compounds and antimicrobial effects, and as such could be used in ethno medicine for treatment of bacterial infections and ailments. Conclusion: The extracts of Acalypha ciliata plant contains notable chemical compounds that are responsible for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Further investigations on the chemical compositions and possible isolation of active ingredients would be carried out

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