Effectiveness and Risk Assessment of Bio Sand Filters (BSF) technique in Rural Water Purification

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dc.contributor.authorDoris Fovwe Ogeleka
dc.contributor.authorMildred Chukwuedum Emegha
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-14T08:09:13Z
dc.date.available2026-09-14T08:09:13Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.descriptionJournal Article
dc.description.abstractEvery human deserves the right to consume safe water as it is the basic necessity for their existence and sustenance. The study was aimed with the view of ascertaining the effectiveness of carbon and gravel-based bios and filters in treating rural waters and evaluating the risk of consumption using the water consumption risk assessment matrix (W-CRAM). The treatment using the carbon-based biosand filter (BSF) at Falcorp Mangrove Park increased the pH from 5.46 ± 0.05 to 7.5±0.3while gravel-based biosand filter at Otsoron community increased minimally from 4.43 ± 0.2 to 5.86 ± 0.4. For all the locations, there was 100% eradication of E. coli. Using the W-CRAM, the untreated waters had a 62% - 69% conformance and was rated medium risk and since it will affect people (P), the risk level could be classified as 3 E or 15 (P). However, after treatment, there was an increase between 77% and 100% conformance, with above 80% classified as excellent water quality with low risk rated as 1E or 5 (P). The study concluded that no water should be consumed if the non-conformance was contributed by microbial entities as severe health risk may set in.
dc.identifier.citationChemistry Research Journal, 2020, 5(6):110-124
dc.identifier.issn: 2455-8990
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mildred-Emegha-2/publication/377659855_Effectiveness_and_Risk_Assessment_of_Bio_Sand_Filters_BSF_technique_in_Rural_Water_Purification/links/65b18f699ce29c458bad3924/Effectiveness-and-Risk-Assessment-of-Bio-Sand-Filters-BSF-technique-in-Rural-Water-Purification.pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.fupre.edu.ng/handle/123456789/374
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherChemistry Research Journal
dc.titleEffectiveness and Risk Assessment of Bio Sand Filters (BSF) technique in Rural Water Purification
dc.typeArticle
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