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Item Volumetric characteristics and mineralogy of Ogwashi Asaba Formation, Niger Delta Basin Nigeria(European Centre for Research Training and Development UK, 2026-09-15) Obiakonwa, I.E.; Odumoso, S.E.; Osisanya, O.W.; Saleh, A.S.; Ogheneochuko, E.R.The aim of this study is to examine the Ogwashi-Asaba Formation 's mineralogv and volumetric characteristics. During the fieldwork, a variety of well-preserved geological samples were collected from several locations within 'he research region. Standard laboratory and analytical procedures were used to the gathered samples. The sediments are mediunl to coarse grained, poorly sorted, almost symmetrical in terms of skewness, and leptokurtic in terms of kurtosis, according to the results of the various analyses.These characteristics typically indicate sediments from continental and/or mixed environments (transitional). Additionally, the petrographic examination reveals quart: to be the predominant mineral, making up over 85% of the entire mineralogy, suggesting a basement rock as the source. Other heavy minerals were also found, including sillimanite, zircon, and tourmaline. Overall, the study sheds more light on the lithologv, different minerals, and depositional environment Additionally, the study will help with the development and exploitation of natural resources, especially possible hydrocarbon deposits, and advance knowledge of the geologv of the Niger Della Basin.Item Petrophysical Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Potential of “OMA” Field, Niger Delta(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) / RSIS International, 2022) Olarewaju, M.A.; Osisanya, O.W.; Korode, A.I.; Ibitoye, A.T.The goal of this study is to maximize hydrocarbon reserves by evaluating reservoirs using derived petrophysical parameters, a common practice in the oil and gas industry. In order to complete this task, data (logs) from three Niger Delta onshore wells (OMA01, OMA02, and OMA 03) were used. Gamma-ray, resistivity, and neutron-density well logs were used in this study for lithology identification, fluid delineation, and hydrocarbon identification. Petrel and Rokdoc software were used for lithology identification and petrophysical analysis computation. The qualitative analysis revealed that the wells drilled through various lithologies contained sand and shale intercalations. Three in WellOMA01, Four in WellOMA02, and Two in WellOMA03, reservoirs were delineated. The field's petrophysical analysis was also produced. Shale's volume varies from 10% to 24%, its porosity from 14% to 26%, and its water saturation from 16% to 53%, while its permeability was relatively high. The highest hydrocarbon saturation (84%) was found in RES 01 from WellOMA03. The "OMA" field study revealed that there is a sizably high potential for hydrocarbons.Item Hydrocarbon Reservoir Mapping and 3d Seismic Interpretation of “Deejay” Field, Onshore Niger Delta(RSIS International, 2021) Alabi, A.O.; Oyanameh, O.E.; Agbalagba, E.O.; Korode, A.I.; Osisanya, O.W.The 3-D seismic data interpretation and reservoir mapping of ‘‘Deejay field’’ have been carried out with the use of Schlumberger (PETRELTM) software. This research work is aimed at delineating the subsurface structure and deducing the trapping system of the study area that may aid hydrocarbon accumulation. The research methodology involved horizon and fault interpretation to produce subsurface structural maps. Available Wireline log signatures were employed to identify hydrocarbon bearing sands and compute reservoir petrophysical parameters for hydrocarbon pore volume determination. Two faults F_01 and F_02 (synthetic) were mapped using seismic structural attribute (variance) with fault polygon generated on the surface. Structural interpretation for inline 5533 revealed two horizons (1&2) were taken into consideration with their time and depth maps generated for the purpose of this study. The structural maps revealed fault assisted closures at the centre of the field which correspond to the crest of rollover anticlines and possibly served as the trapping medium. Three hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs - S1, S2 and S3 were delineated from three wells and the top and base of each reservoir window were mapped from the wells. Reservoirs S1, S2 and S3 have average porosity values of 30.7%, 29.8% and 29.3% respectively. All the porosity values obtained are in agreement with the established porosity values of Agbada formation of Niger Delta as it ranges from 28-32%. The obtained permeability index for the three reservoirs are rated very good. Hydrocarbon saturation values for the three wells have an average of 72.3% for S1, 83.7% for S2 and 76.7% for S3. The Petrophysical parameters from the wells show that most of the reservoirs are good targets in hydrocarbon prospecting. The result shows that the three reservoirs in the field have high hydrocarbon potential and good trapping mechanism for its productivity.Item Unloading Mechanism: an Indication of Overpressure in Niger Delta („X‟-Field) using Cross Plots of Rock Properties(Seventh Sense Research Group, 2018) Eze, S.; Ideozu, R.U.; Ibitoye, A.T.; Osisanya, O.W.; Tiekuro, E.This study has investigated the unloading mechanism causes of overpressure and delineated the overpressure zones in X- field Niger Delta. The Niger Delta basin has many overpressure zones with different origins and depositional environments. This research used well log data from four (4) wells in X - Field Niger Delta. The logs include Gamma ray log, deep induction log, Density log, and sonic log. Densities and p-wave velocities derived from sonic log were cross plotted using the E log modelling tool embedded within Hampson-Russel software application. The crossplots were subjected to over pressure analysis. The results obtained revealed Unloading mechanism from 5341ft (1627.9m) to 6448ft (1965.4m) and overpressure zones from 4234ft (1290.5m) to 4788ft (1459.4m) about 168.86m thick within well 01, Unloading mechanism from 2289.5m to 2298.3m and overpressure zones from 2280.7m to 2285.1m within well 02, also Unloading mechanism from 3246m to 3335m and overpressure zones observed from 3157m to 3201m within well 03, and finally Unloading mechanism observed from 5970ft (1819.7m) to 6677ft (2035.1m) and overpressure zones observed from 4554ft (1388.1m) to 5262ft (1603.8m) (about 215.79m thick) within well 04. The results obtained in the over-pressured zones occurred in similar depths in parts of the Niger Delta Basin. The areas identified as overpressure zones should be critically examined prior to drilling to avoid blowout. This study has delineated overpressure zones and unloading intervals in the study area using well logs and crossplots.Item Petrophysical Analysis And Structural Mapping To Characterize Reservoir Of "Femtop Field", Niger Delta(Scholarlink Resource Centre, 2020) Oyanameh, O.E.; Ako, B.D.; Ibitoye, A.T.; Fagbemigun, T.S.; Osisanya, O.W.Unveiling the lithological and reservoir mapping, well correlation, petrophysical analysis and structural mapping of ʺFEMTOP FIELDʺ offshore Niger Delta,the data used includes;FieldBase Map, Four wells with Spontaneous Potential (SP), GR Log, Density Logs, Resistivity, andSeismic data in SEG-Y format. The Petrophysical analysis, Structural interpretation of „„Femtop field‟‟was carried out to identify the reservoirs and map faults from the 3-D seismic volume using Schlumberger (PETRELTM) software (i.e. Well data input, Delineation of lithology and Seismic to well tie). Time and depth structure maps in combination with well logs were used to map four reservoirs (A, B, C,and D), and four horizons (H1 to H4).Calculated petrophysical values of the reservoirs in each of the wells show that each formation has varying degree of petrophysical parameters. The average water saturation in these reservoirs is low, ranging from 27% to 45% with a corresponding hydrocarbon saturation ranging from 56% to 72%. Two major growth faults (F3 and F5), three antithetic faults (F1, F2 and F4) also were mapped. Therefore, structural closures identified as rollover anticlines, are displayed on the time/depth structure maps, suggest probable hydrocarbon accumulation at the downthrown side of the fault F3 attesting to the structural characteristics ofidentified reservoirs within the subsurface of study area. Hence, the integration of well logs with seismic data has largely enhanced the success of the petrophysical analysis and structural mapping in identifying theprobable growth faults and other structural closures responsible for hydrocarbon accumulation within the study area.Item Application of Aeromagnetic and Remotely Sensed Data in Mineral Exploration in Parts of Ife-North, Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria(Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, 2022-12) Osisanya, O.W.; Shaibu, O.B.; Abolarin, O.M.; Eyankware, M.O.; Okpala, E.C.This paper analysed aeromagnetic data over parts of the Ilesa schist belt of Nigeria with a view to assessing the sub surface structural settings that might favour mineralisation in the study area using aeromagnetic data and satellite remote sensing imageries. The subsurface lineaments were detected and traced out from the maxima of horizontal gradient magnitude, peaks of analytical signal magnitude. The structural trends of the composite lineament map show predominant lineament directions; NE-SW, NNE-SSW, E-W, and NW-SE. These trends were in agreement with the major regional tectonic trends of Southwestern Nigeria. The interpretation of the aeromagnetic dataset gave an insight into the regional geology and structural trends of the area. The derived lineaments may serve as a reference for future geological and structural mapping. Based on the information gathered so far, the study area shows potential for presence of both primary and alluvial/eluvial gold deposits.Item Application of One Dimensional Geophysical Investigation on Proposed Dam Project, Iyah Gbede, Kogi State, Nigeria(International Organization of Scientific Research, 2021) Olabode, O.O.; Oyanameh, O.E.; Idowu, D.O.; Osisanya, O.W.; Korede, A.I.Foundation designs planning is very critical in engineering works, therefore geophysical investigation was carried out for foundation design of a proposed Dam at IyahGbede, Ijumu Local Government Area of Kogi State with a view to deduce and enhance the knowledge of the near subsurface integrity of the area for engineering structures.Electrical Resistivity method was adopted to conduct the survey for detail and distinct result. The aim of the exercise was to determine the soil properties of the subsoil layers that constitute the foundation soils and their competence as foundation soils for a dam site establishment. Traverse lines were established along E-W direction and six (6) Vertical Electrical Sounding points (VES) which is one dimensional in prospect, werelaid which to reveal the subsurface property of the area.The VES curves types are AA,AH, HA and KH,which depicts that the investigated site is competent for the proposed dam project.Item Delineation of Laterite Deposits using Two-Dimensional Geo Electric Imaging in Agbonmwoba Village Area of Obaretin Town, Edo State, Nigeria.(Sabinet / African Journals, 2017) Osisanya, O.W.; Ibitoye, A.T.; Eze, S.; Ezomo, F.O.; Okeh, O.The study involves delineation of laterite deposits in Agbonmwoba village area of Obaretin town, Edo state using 2D resistivity tomography technique to predict the extent and the economic viability of the deposit, in order to improve wellbeing status. The Petrozenith earth resistivity meter was employed using the Wenner Schlumberger electrode configuration. Five different locations were investigated within the study area, and a total of ten (10) Wenner-Schlumberger soundings were acquired in the area with a spread length of 200m along each traverse. The field data was inverted using the Zondres 2D software. Four (4) lithologic units were delineated namely; clay deposit with resistivity range of about 1 – 100Ωm, sand deposit with resistivity range of about 200-570Ωm, laterite deposits with resistivity distribution overlapping from about 1000-3162Ωm and gravel deposit whose resistivity distribution ranging from about 8000-10,000Ωm. Laterite deposit were found along traverses 1, 2 and 8 sampled at old sapele road Ekiosa at depths of 13-15m in TR 1, 10-15m in TR2, and 5m in TR8 at horizontal spread of 40-90m, 10-20m, and 20-170m respectively. Laterite deposit were found along traverses 3 and 4 sampled at presco road Obaretin at depths of 10-15m in TR3, and 10-15m in TR4 at horizontal spread of 140-160m, and 160-180m respectively and also laterite deposit were found along traverses 5, 6 and 7 sampled at Agbonmwoba primary school at depths of 5-15m in TR5, 5m in TR6, and 15-25m in TR7 at horizontal spread of 40-50m, 50-70m, and 110-120m respectively. Traverse 9 showed no evidence of laterite deposit from its resistivity pseudo-section. The result shows that laterite deposits along traverses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 10 are located almost at the same depth within the subsurface which implies that the subsurface geology distribution along these traverses are homogenous, and the laterite deposits along these profiles is commercially viable for exploitation, while the laterite deposits delineated along traverses 6, and 8 in the study area are not homogeneously distributed with those delineated along other traverse at the depth imaged and as such is not commercially viable. The results were further compared with borehole lithologic section drilled along TR5 in the area and both sections agreed. Thus 2D resistivity imaging gives a better lateral view of the subsurface layers than geo-electric section computed from 1D models because of its ability to give a continuous record of subsurface formations at greater depth.Item Application of Aeromagnetic and Remotely Sensed Data in Mineral Exploration in Parts of Ife-North, Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria(Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, 2022-12) Osisanya, O.W.; Shaibu, O.B.; Abolarin, O.M.; Eyankware, M.O.; Okpala, E.C.This paper analysed aeromagnetic data over parts of the Ilesa schist belt of Nigeria with a view to assessing the sub surface structural settings that might favour mineralisation in the study area using aeromagnetic data and satellite remote sensing imageries. The subsurface lineaments were detected and traced out from the maxima of horizontal gradient magnitude, peaks of analytical signal magnitude. The structural trends of the composite lineament map show predominant lineament directions; NE-SW, NNE-SSW, E-W, and NW-SE. These trends were in agreement with the major regional tectonic trends of Southwestern Nigeria. The interpretation of the aeromagnetic dataset gave an insight into the regional geology and structural trends of the area. The derived lineaments may serve as a reference for future geological and structural mapping. Based on the information gathered so far, the study area shows potential for presence of both primary and alluvial/eluvial gold deposits.Item Assessment of Aquifer-Protective Capacity of Orire Estate in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria(African Journals OnLine (AJOL), 2024) Olatunji-Adeniyi, O.; Ayua, K.J.; Osisanya, O.W.The amount and thickness of clay layers and surrounding organic elements have a direct impact on how well an aquifer protects itself. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate Orire Estate's ability to preserve the aquifer in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, using a geophysical survey that used the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Very Low Frequency (VLF) Electromagnetic Technique. Throughout the course of the survey, seven traverses of various lengths were established, and VLF-EM measurements were made every five meters along the four main profiles. Thirteen vertical electrical soundings were also performed, with electrode spacings varying from one to one hundred meters. Computer-assisted modeling and partial curve matching approaches were used in the interpretation of the data. Four subsurface geological units were identified by the analysis: topsoil, worn layer, fractured basement, and fresh basement. The topsoil layer, with a thickness ranging from 0.9 to 1.5 meters, exhibited resistivity values between 57.0 and 198.4 Ω-m. The worn layer varied in thickness from 2.6 to 17 meters, with resistivity values from 87.0 to 978.7 Ω-m. The fractured basement layer's thickness ranged from 7.8 to 23.7 meters, showing resistivity values between 311 and 3041.8 Ω-m, while the fresh basement layer demonstrated resistivity values ranging from 1423.1 to 3790.57 Ω-m with infinite thickness. The presence of zones with poor aquifer-protective capacity throughout the study area indicates a heightened vulnerability to contamination from leachates and other pollutants. The subsurface conditions suggest an abundance of unconsolidated sand with limited clay, which prolongs the residence time of percolating pollutants and diminishes the necessary impediment to fluid movement for effective filtration.Item 2D Geo-electrical Resistivity Imaging of Clay Deposit in Agbonmwoba Village, Edo State, Nigeria(IISTE (International Institute for Science, Technology and Education), 2020-10-31) Osisanya, O.W.; Macpaul, A.P.; Isaac, K.A.; Folorunso, A.Z.This study involves delineation of clay deposits in Agbonmwoba village area of Obaretin town, Edo state using 2D geo-electrical resistivity tomography technique to image the extent and economic quantity of the deposit, in order to appraise its commercial viability. The Wenner-Schlumberger electrode configuration was employed in five different locations within the study area, and a total of ten (10) Wenner-Schlumberger soundings were acquired in the area with a spread length of 200m along each traverse. The field data was inverted using the Earth Imager 2D inversion software program. Low resistivity geologic formations (ρ < 50 Ωm) were interpreted as clay formations using knowledge of regional geology of the area as reported from previous studies. Along traverses 1, 2 and 8 sampled at old Sapele road Ekiosa clay deposits was imaged at depth of 8.9-15m at lateral spread of 30m and 70m in TR1, 8.9-17.9m in TR2 and 4m in TR8. In traverses 3 and 4 sampled along Presco road in Obaretin, clay deposits were imaged at 8.9m from the surface in TR3 and 8.9-10m in TR4 at lateral spread of 70m and 100m respectively. Traverses 5, 6 and 7 were sampled at Agbonmwoba primary school, and clay deposit was imaged at 17.9-21m in TR5 at lateral spread of 80-90m, clayey sand was imaged at 7.5m (< 8.9m) and sand deposit was imaged at 24.0m (< 26.8m) which underlies clay. In TR6, clay deposit was imaged at 8.9m from the surface and in TR7, clay deposits were imaged in layers at profound depths >30m at lateral spreads of 20-80m and 130-160m respectively. In TR8 clay deposit was imaged at 4m from the surface. In TR9 clay deposit was imaged at 8.9- 17.9m at lateral spread of 90-110m and in TR10 clay deposit was imaged at 17.9-20m at lateral spread of 40m and 100-120m respectively. This results show that clay deposits imaged along traverses 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, and 10 are located at proximal depths within the subsurface and this implies that the subsurface geology distribution along these profiles is slightly homogenous in lithology, and clay deposits along these traverses are exploitable, while clay deposits along traverses 3, 6 and 8 are found at the surface (0-8.9 m) as thin clay deposits and therefore not commercially viable for exploitation. Clay deposits imaged in traverse 7 was relatively massive in size (subsurface distribution) and was observed at profound depth of 26.8-35.7m (> 30m), which makes it commercially viable for exploitation compared with other traverses. The results was correlated with borehole lithologic section drilled along TR5 in the area and both sections agreed in lithologic sequence with respect to depth. Thus, 2D resistivity imaging gives a better vertical and lateral view of subsurface layers than geo-electric sections computed from 1D models, because of its ability to give a continuous record of subsurface formations at greater deptItem Geotechnical Investigation of a Proposed Dam Project, Iyah Gbede, Kogi State, Nigeria(RSIS International, 2021) Oyanameh, O. E.; Olabode, O. O.; Korode, A. I.; Osisanya, O.W.; Fatoye, O. V.Geotechnical study was conducted at the proposed Dam project of Iyah Gbede, Ijimu Local Government Area of Kogi State with the aim of evaluating the subsoil layers that constitute the foundation soils and their competence as foundation soils for the civil engineering structures. The study involved drilling of three (3) boreholes and eleven (11) trial pits as well as Standard Penetration Test (SPT) to obtain the in situ strength parameters of the sandy layers. The lithological formations that constitute the study area layers are lateritic top soil, grey brown sandy clay, yellowish brown coarse sand, gravel and weathered rock. All the soils have average natural moisture content because it agrees with the average range of (5 – 15%) specified by Federal Ministry of Works and Housing FMWH, (1997) for civil engineering construction which is an indication of low water absorption capacities of the soil materials. The results of the geotechnical parameters of the soils obtained indicate good characteristics as construction materials with good bearing strength, good baseline information and foundation design for the establishment of the proposed dam site. .Item Assessment of Subsurface Competency Using Geotechnical Method of a Proposed Structure F.C.T Nigeria(Bilingual Publishing Co., 2022-12-30) Osisanya, O.W.; Diyanuwa, A.B.; Korode, A.I.; Ibitoye, A.T.; Ajibade, F.Z.Structural failure has been recently happenings mostly in the commercially populated states along the coastal line in Nigeria. As a result, an open field at a chosen location in Abuja, Nigeria, was investigated. For the purpose of this study, test bores were drilled and Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) were conducted at every 1.5 m interval up to a maximum depth of 12.0 m with the bearing pressure ranging between 20 kN/m2 and 1000 kN/m2. 3 test bores were drilled within the plot location, and samples were obtained at the test bore’s locations for laboratory analysis. Findings revealed that subsurface lithology found at the site within the explored depths of 0.0 12.0 m is mostly silty sand, laterite, sandy clay, silty clay, clayey sand, and weathered rock. The findings from the sub-soils of the different places and their bearing pressures were computed with SPT N value. Building foundations may be rigid raft foundations at a depth of 2.0 meters below the present ground level, according to bearing capacity values that range from 20 kN/m2 to 60 kN/m2 at 1.5 to 3.0 meters. The recommended building foundations take into account the sub-soil’s characteristics at the drilling places at a depth of between 1.0 and 3.0 meters. The structure might also be supported by frictional piles buried 10 meters beneath the surface.Item Integration of 2D and 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Volumetric Investigation of Geologic Formations in a Sedimentary Terrain(International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications, 2023) Murphy, O.I.; Osisanya, W.O.; Avwenaghegha, O.J.; Korode, A.I.; Amoyedo, A.A.In a wide variety of research fields, including agriculture, botany, road construction and mineral exploration, it is crucial to analyse the volume of dominant geologic formations in an area especially those of very high economic importance. Volumetric evaluation of geologic formations is an essential stride towards economic and local content development. Ten (10) 2D geoelectrical resistivity profiles were gathered in parallel and perpendicular equidistant lines using the Wenner array with maximum electrodes spread of 200m to investigate the subsurface geological stratification in both the vertical and horizontal direction at Obaretin community in the Edo State, Nigeria. Using Earth Imager 2D software, 2D resistivity-depth models were created from the 2D resistivity dataset with the use of wenner aray. In order to create a 3D depth slice and a 3D block model for the subsurface stratification, the survey dataset was compiled into a single 3D data set and inverted using Res3Dinv software and Voxler 4.0 programs. The 2D resisitivity imaging results revealed three geo-electric major layers at Obaretin, which are indicative of topsoil, silt sand, clayey sand, and lateritic sand with sandstone intercalations as the dominant geologic formations in the study area. The Resistivity lithology of the study area also showed three geo-electric subsurface layers to an appreciable depth of 40 m for Silt sand, topsoil (299–1791 Ωm), lateritic sand with sandstones intercalations (985–3253 Ωm), and clayey sand (48.9–1791 Ωm) were delineated. The study revealed that the dominant formations are laterite, silt sand and clayey sand which showed an estimated volumetrics of 373,508m3, 520,320 m3 and 194,800 m3 per two million m3 respectively which are in high economic quantities. Hence, the adoption of 2D and 3D electrical resistivity imaging has aided the successful volumetric assessment of geologic formations which are of high economic value in the study area.Item Aeromagnetic Interpretation of Basement Structures and Geometry in Parts of the Middle Benue Trough, North Central, Nigeria(Bilingual Publishing Co., 2022-11-30) Esho, O.O.; Osisanya, W.O.; Ibitoye, T.A.; Ajibade, F.Z.; Tokunbo, S.F.The research of an analysis of aeromagnetic data collected in the middle Benue Trough in north-central Nigeria is presented. A detailed analysis of basement structures is conducted in order to identify regions with high hydrocarbon potential that is different from those discovered by earlier researchers. Aeromagnetic data were filtered by using the Butterworth and Gaussian filters, transformed by engaging the reduction to the equator technique, and subsequently enhanced. To estimate magnetic basement depths at various places throughout the basin, the Euler deconvolution depth weighting approach was used. Eleven (11) sub-basins with depths ranging from –2000 m to –8000 m were also identified by Euler’s findings. The sub-basins trend in the NE-SW direction while the average sediment thickness is found to be more than 3 km. The extracted structural features indicate areas like Kadi Blam and Kado areas in the southeastern part and Ogoja and Obudu in the southern part of the study area as regions with high structural densities. These areas coincide with the areas delineated as the sub-basins. The cross-sections generated reveal depressions caused by the action of some tectonic activities in the area. This study identified undulating basement topography believed to be due to tectonic activities as well as five areas that are possible targets for hydrocarbon exploration.Item Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Quality Assessment of Groundwater Based on Water Quality Index in Imo state, South Eastern Nigeria(World Bank / Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, 2022-12) Osisanya, W.O.; Agho, I.F.; Saleh, A.S.; Thompson, E.Water Quality Index (WQI), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Correlation matrix, Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Contamination Factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Health Risk Assessment, and Hydrogeochemical facies were used to analyze statistical indexes and hydrogeochemical facies in groundwater resources in Imo state, Nigeria. All across the study area, twenty (20) groundwater samples were collected in a systematic manner. The samples were examined in accordance with the American Public Health Association standard (APHA) method. Findings from the study revealed that WQI, is of poor quality and should only be used for irrigation. Weathering and redox reactions are important in groundwater geochemistry, according to PCA results. TDS and Cl, HCO3 and Zn, Cl; Mg and Ca, Ca and Na were all found to have a positive correlation in the correlation matrix while PH and K, HCO3 and Fe, Cl and SO4 are found to have a negative correlation in the correlation matrix. The findings show that the items have a weak correlation and that there is no relationship between the two variables. Further MPI, CF, and PLI findings revealed that groundwater is pure, the main source of pollution is geological and anthropogenic processes, and there is no pollution in sampled groundwater. Hydrogeochemical trend revealed that groundwater is Na++K+ > HCO3¯+CO3> Mg+ > SO4> Cl¯ > Ca+. Based on the finding, pre-use treatment of water resources is strongly advised.Item Identification of potential and aquifer vulnerability in basement terrain of southern Nigeria, using geophysical approach(Scientific Publishing House, 2022-10-20) Durotoye, A.A.; Osisanya, W.O.; Saleh, A.S.; Maruff, A.B.This research study used a vertical electrical sounding approach to investigate the transmissibility size of the hydrogeologic units under inquiry. This was brought on by failed water scheme initiatives and rapid population growth. Aquifer resistivity and thickness values were utilized to generate the hydraulic parameters that were used to describe the transmissibility magnitude.The Schlumberger design was used to conduct 16 VES surveys for the investigation, with a maximum electrode spacing of 200 m. The Dar-Zarrouk parameters longitudinal conductance (S), transverse resistance (T), longitudinal resistance (L), average transverse resistance (t), coefficient of anisotropy (λa), transmissivity (T), and hydraulic conductivity (H) were used to evaluate the aquifer's protective capability. Results from VES data indicated that the layer model ranges from three to six layers, and it was found that curve A was the most common type of curve. Results from the study revealed that S, Tr, ρL, ρt, λa, T, and H ranges from 0.02 to 0.18 Ω−1 , 761.7 to 31336.1 Ω /m2, 287.8 to 12314.4, 101.7 to 767.7, 0.15 to 0.69, 0.000003 at VES/12 to 0.0538 m/day, and 0.05 to 65.56 m2/day respectively. Deduction from the study revealed that northwest, and northeast parts of the study area tends to be more aquiferous when compared to other parts of the study area.Item Assessment of heavy metal pollution on groundwater quality in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria(Springer Nature, 2023-11-21) Eyankware, M.O.; Akakuru, O.C.; Osisanya, W.O.; Umayah, S.O.; Ukor, K.P.Heavy metal (HM) pollution in groundwater poses a significant environmental threat to the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, principally because of the activities of oil companies within the locality. The current study considered it necessary to measure the HM level in the groundwater of this location. 18 groundwater samples were collected and tested for physical parameters (pH, EC, TDS), as well as heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Co, Fe, Mn, B, Ni, and Cd). Results from the principal component analysis (PCA) analysis reveal the influence of heavy metals on groundwater chemistry. The correlation matrix results showed that there exists a weak and positive correlation among elements, revealing that heavy metals in water with a low pH tend to be more toxic, as they become more soluble and bioavailable. HM pollution assessment results revealed that the values were considered low, with values ranging from 0 to 0.33 with an average value of 0.07. Metal pollution index (MPI) results showed that the groundwater sample was very pure. Nemerow Pollution Index (PNI) results revealed that the groundwater samples were heavily polluted. Results from the modified degree of contamination (MCd), showed that the majority of the samples had a very low degree of contamination. The pollution load index (PLI) results indicated that the entire samples were polluted. Quantification of contamination (QoC) results showed a geogenic impact on the samples. Based on the findings, monitoring groundwater quality and using appropriate treatment technologies to purify the water before consumption are recommendedItem Assessing Environmental Impact and Socioeconomic Consequences of Oil and Gas Spillage on Soil in Warri, Southern Nigeria(European Centre for Research Training and Development UK, 2023) Shaibu, B.O.; Osisanya, W.O.; Amoyedo, A.A.; Akpeji, B.H.The Niger Delta terrain is often prone to environmental degradation resulting from oil and gas spillage. This research aims to assess the environmental impact of oil and gas spillage on the soil of Warri, Southern Nigeria, by utilizing physicochemical properties, statistical analysis, and socioeconomic information to evaluate the impact of heavy metals in the study area. A total of six (6) soil samples were collected and examined with the aid of an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) using a procedure that adheres to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Concentration levels of Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Exchangeable Acidity (EA), Exchangeable Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC), Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), and Lead (Pb) were analyzed and found to range from (21.1-74.98) ppm, (23.46-105.57) ppm, (1281442) ppm, (58.80-341.60) ppm, (0.25-13.50) ppm, (11.51-14.78) ppm, (11.30-226.34) mg/kg, (98.26 122.60) mg/kg, (10.10-18.43) mg/kg, (321.86-994.04) mg/kg, (0.26-0.50) mg/kg, (0.4-1.15) mg/kg, respectively. The research revealed that the soil pH ranged from highly acidic to slightly acidic, which can negatively affect nutrient availability and plant growth. The research also highlighted the detrimental impact of oil spillage on the health, livelihood, amenities, and socioeconomic state of affected communities. Agricultural produce, crop yield, and livestock production were negatively affected due to poor soil fertility and damage to water bodies. Basic amenities were polluted, leading to abandonment and contamination of drinking water. The social environment of these communities experienced setbacks in occupation, income, and education. The findings provide valuable insights into soil characteristics and contamination levels and also show that regular soil quality monitoring and assessment are essential to detect any degradation in soil quality in the examined area.Item A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF SOIL AND WATER CONTAMINATION NEAR AUTO MECHANIC WORKSHOPS IN WARRI AND ENVIRON SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA(Zibeline International Publishing, 2023) Aladin, A.E.; Ekewenu, E.E.; Osisanya, W.O.The pH values of soil samples collected from the topsoil to a depth of 50cm range from 5.78 to 6.64, with an average of 6.284, indicating slightly acidic soil. Water samples near auto-mechanic workshops fall below NSDWQ and WHO standards. Soil heavy metal levels mostly meet ACV and Dutch guidelines, except for Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), and Chromium (Cr). Soil contamination analysis shows a high to extreme degree of contamination, likely from the auto-mechanic workshop. Positive correlations between metal pairs suggest a common source and transport to the soil. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of soil samples reveals Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, and Pb as dominant metals, while Ni-Cr shows negative correlations with others. In water samples, Cu, Cd, and Co dominate, indicating a different contamination source. Soil and water samples generally meet NSDWQ and WHO standards, but Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and Salinity exceed these standards. Understanding these findings is crucial for managing and mitigating contamination risks near auto-mechanic workshops