Patents in Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology

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    Ecological effects of oil spill on water and sediment from two riverine communities in Warri, Nigeria
    (Interantional Journal of Biological & Chemical Sciences., 2017-02-01) OGELEKA, Doris Fovwe; TUDARARO-AHEROBO, Laurelta Esivweneta; OKIEIMEN, Felix Ebodaghe
    The ecological effects of oil spill in the environment were studied in Warri riverine areas of Ubeji and Jeddo, Delta State, where an oil spill occurred and cleanup or remediation was not carried out for over a year prior to this evaluation. The American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods were employed for the laboratory test for organics [polyaromatic hydrocarbon; total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)] and heavy metals in the water and sediment. The results indicated that there were still significant concentrations (P <0.05) of organics indicating hydrocarbon pollution. Mean concentrations recorded for TPH in Ubeji and Jeddo waters were 23.60 ± 1.18 mg/L and 29.96 ± 0.14 mg/L respectively while total PAHs was 0.009 ± 0.002 mg/L and 0.008 ± 0.001 mg/L. Mean concentrations of TPH in the sediment was 48.83 ± 1.49 ppm and 1093 ± 74 ppm respectively while total PAHs was 0.012 ± 0.002 ppm and 0.026 ± 0.004 ppm. Low concentrations were recorded for most of the heavy metals in the water and sediment. Hydrocarbon degrading bacteria (HDB) recorded mean values of 3.86E + 03 and 3.44E + 02 for Ubeji and Jeddo waters, while Hydrocarbon degrading fungi (HDF) recorded mean values of 2.86E + 03 and 2.46E + 02 respectively. The observed concentrations of hydrocarbons in the study areas should provide the impetus for regulatory surveillance of oil discharged intentionally/unintentionally into the Warri riverine waters and sediment since hydrocarbon released into the environment sorb to the sediment particles where they cause harm to organisms in the sediment and overlying waters.
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    ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Open Access Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Acalypha ciliata plant
    (Springer Open, 2016-06) ODEJA,Oluwakayode; OGWUCHE, Christiana Ene,; ELEMIKE, Elias Emeka; OBI, Grace
    Background: Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of hexane, ethylacetate and methanol crude extracts of Acalypha ciliata plant was studied in this work. This plant according to folk medicine has been reported to be used for treatment of female sterility, dressing of sores and schistosomiasis. Methods: The preliminary screening of the various extracts was carried out using standard methods and the results revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, reducing sugar, anthraquinones, resins and glycosides. The antimicrobial screening was carried out using the following organisms; Staphylococcus aureus, Eshericha coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruguinosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiellae pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum and Rhizopus stolonifer. The free radical scavenging capacity using hydrogen peroxide was equally determined to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the extracts. Results: The result obtained showed that Acalypha ciliata extracts have interesting pharmacological active compounds and antimicrobial effects, and as such could be used in ethno medicine for treatment of bacterial infections and ailments. Conclusion: The extracts of Acalypha ciliata plant contains notable chemical compounds that are responsible for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Further investigations on the chemical compositions and possible isolation of active ingredients would be carried out