Browsing by Author "Ukor, K.P."

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    Assessment of heavy metal pollution on groundwater quality in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
    (Springer Nature, 2023-11-21) Eyankware, M.O.; Akakuru, O.C.; Osisanya, W.O.; Umayah, S.O.; Ukor, K.P.
    Heavy metal (HM) pollution in groundwater poses a significant environmental threat to the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, principally because of the activities of oil companies within the locality. The current study considered it necessary to measure the HM level in the groundwater of this location. 18 groundwater samples were collected and tested for physical parameters (pH, EC, TDS), as well as heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Co, Fe, Mn, B, Ni, and Cd). Results from the principal component analysis (PCA) analysis reveal the influence of heavy metals on groundwater chemistry. The correlation matrix results showed that there exists a weak and positive correlation among elements, revealing that heavy metals in water with a low pH tend to be more toxic, as they become more soluble and bioavailable. HM pollution assessment results revealed that the values were considered low, with values ranging from 0 to 0.33 with an average value of 0.07. Metal pollution index (MPI) results showed that the groundwater sample was very pure. Nemerow Pollution Index (PNI) results revealed that the groundwater samples were heavily polluted. Results from the modified degree of contamination (MCd), showed that the majority of the samples had a very low degree of contamination. The pollution load index (PLI) results indicated that the entire samples were polluted. Quantification of contamination (QoC) results showed a geogenic impact on the samples. Based on the findings, monitoring groundwater quality and using appropriate treatment technologies to purify the water before consumption are recommended
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    Depiction of Aquifer Potential and Vulnerability Mapping: A Case Study of Delta North, Southern Part of Nigeria, Using Geophysical Approach
    (Discovery Scientific Society, 2025) Eyankware, M.O.; Osisanya, W.O.; Akakuru, O.C.; Odesa, G.E.; Okanigbuan, P.N.; Ukor, K.P.; Oghenevovwero, E.E.; Chukwusa, F.O.
    In order to identify the aquifers, characterize their geometric properties, and determine their susceptibility to contamination by surface contaminants, a detailed hydrogeophysical investigation of the aquifers of the study area was conducted. The study area was subjected to fifteen (15) vertical electrical soundings (VES) with a Schlumberger array configuration with a maximum electrode separation of 200 m. Curve matching methods and iterative computer modeling were combined to process the VES data. Parameters estimated are aquifer thickness, longitudinal conductance (S), transverse unit resistance (Tr), average longitudinal resistance (ρL), aquifer conductivity (ῼ−1), hydraulic conductivity (K), and transmissivity (T), and their corresponding estimated values, which vary across the study area, range from 1.63 to 103.83 m, 0.02 to 0.05, 0 to 122169.9 ohms, 0 to 3406.4, 0.000037 to 0.001126, 0.0538 to1.13x1023m2/day, 0 to 1.85x1023m2/day, respectively. Deductions from S. revealed that the study area is prone to contamination from the study. Further findings from groundwater modeling, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity suggested that the southwestern part of the study area showed more groundwater prospects when compared to other parts of the study area. Within the study, it was observed that curve Q is the most dominant curve within the study area.
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    Depiction of Aquifer Potential and Vulnerability Mapping: A Case Study of Delta North, Southern Part of Nigeria, Using Geophysical Approach.
    (Discovery Nature, 2025) Eyankware, M.O.; Osisanya, O.W.; Akakuru, O.C.; Odesa, G.E.; Okanigbuan, P.N.; Ukor, K.P.; Oghenevovwero, E.E.; Chukwusa, F.O.
    In order to identify the aquifers, characterize their geometric properties, and determine their susceptibility to contamination by surface contaminants, a detailed hydrogeophysical investigation of the aquifers of the study area was conducted. The study area was subjected to fifteen (15) vertical electrical soundings (VES) with a Schlumberger array configuration with a maximum electrode separation of 200 m. Curve matching methods and iterative computer modeling were combined to process the VES data. Parameters estimated are aquifer thickness, longitudinal conductance (S), transverse unit resistance (Tr), average longitudinal resistance (ρL), aquifer conductivity (ῼ−1), hydraulic conductivity (K), and transmissivity (T), and their corresponding estimated values, which vary across the study area, range from 1.63 to 103.83 m, 0.02 to 0.05, 0 to 122169.9 ohms, 0 to 3406.4, 0.000037 to 0.001126, 0.0538 to1.13x1023m2/day, 0 to 1.85x1023m2/day, respectively. Deductions from S. revealed that the study area is prone to contamination from the study. Further findings from groundwater modeling, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity suggested that the southwestern part of the study area showed more groundwater prospects when compared to other parts of the study area. Within the study, it was observed that curve Q is the most dominant curve within the study area.
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    Integrating Multivariate Modelling and Health Risk Assessment to Decipher Groundwater Quality Dynamics in A Rapidly Urbanizing Basement Terrain of Akure, Southwestern Nigeria.
    (University of Technology Sarawak (UTS) Publisher / UTS Press, 2026) Osisanya, W.O.; Akakuru, O.C.; Eyankware, M.O.; Aigbadon, G.O.; Ukor, K.P.
    Groundwater constitutes a critical source of domestic water in Akure, southwestern Nigeria, yet rapid urbanization and anthropogenic activities increasingly hreaten its quality. This study evaluated the hydrogeochemical characteristics and health risks associated with groundwater in the crystalline Basement Complex terrain of Akure. Twentyone groundwater samples from motorized boreholes and hand-dug wells were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, major ions, and heavy metals to assess water quality and potential health implications. Hydrogeochemical facies classification shows that 77.3% of the samples fall within Geochemical Zone IV (strong acids exceeding weak acids), while 22.7% belong to Zone III (weak acids exceeding strong acids). The dominant ionic order (Mg²⁺ > Na⁺ + K⁺ > HCO₃⁻ > Cl⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > Ca²⁺) suggests that groundwater chemistry is primarily controlled by silicate weathering and carbonate dissolution processes. Water Quality Index (WQI) results indicate that several groundwater sources require treatment prior to consumption. Contamination Factor (CF) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) reveal generally low contamination levels, although the Metal Pollution Index (MPI) highlights localized heavy-metal enrichment. Multivariate statistical analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted three principal components (PC1–PC3) that explain the dominant hydrogeochemical processes and differentiate between geogenic contributions and minor anthropogenic inputs. Health risk assessment indicates that exposure to Pb, Cd, and Ni through groundwater ingestion may pose potential non-carcinogenic risks, particularly for children, as reflected by elevated Hazard Index (HI) values. Overall, the findings highlight emerging groundwater quality concerns in the rapidly urbanizing Akure region and underscore the need for regular monitoring, improved groundwater management, and sustainable watersafety strategies in crystalline basement aquifers. The study contributes to improved understanding of groundwater quality dynamics in rapidly urbanizing crystalline basement aquifers.