Browsing by Author "Ukor, K. P."

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    Interpretation of hydrochemical data in selected parts of Warri, Southern Nigeria using health risk assessment and heavy metal index
    (Discovery Publication, 2025-05-21) Eyankware, M.O.; Akakuru, O.C.; Inoni, O. E.; Osisanya, W.O.; Ukor, K. P.; Umuokoro, G.
    Groundwater quality assessment is crucial for ensuring public health and sustainable water resource management. Health risk assessment evaluates health hazards from contaminated groundwater, guiding protective measures; also, heavy metal indices quantify contamination, aiding pollution assessment and regulatory compliance. These tools ensure comprehensive groundwater quality understanding, supporting sustainable resource management and health and environmental protection. Seventeen (17) groundwater samples were taken in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria, and analyzed using the American Public Health Association (APHA) technique to assess their hydrochemical properties and potential health concerns when utilized as drinking water. Sixteen (16) physicochemical parameters were analyzed. The analysis of heavy metals' statistical indices, such as the Contamination Index (CI), Contamination Factor (Cf), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Quantification of Contamination (QoC), Potential Ecological Risk Index (ERI), and Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG), was successfully used to assess the effects of heavy metal contamination on the area's groundwater resources. Deductions from the suggested that there is interaction between geochemical ions found in groundwater within the study area and there are weak to moderate connections between parameters, according to additional findings using Pearson correlation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Additionally, PCA reveals that loadings within the groundwater system could be the result of nearby anthropogenic activities that are changing the water's chemistry. Results from hydrogeochemical facies showed that in the cation area, Na+K> Mg>Ca>Cl>SO4>HCO3, with a tendency of 35.3 percent SO4> 5.9 percent HCO3> 41.2 percent Cl> 17.6 percent, there is no dominant ionic species. According to results from heavy metal indices such as Cf and PLI, there is no relationship between them and readily accessible groundwater. Additional MPI data indicate that the groundwater in the research area is deemed to be clean, but QoC and ERI results showed that geological processes promote the transfer of heavy metals, which is a possible ecological danger associated with groundwater. The analysis revealed elevated concentrations of heavy metals in certain areas, which may be associated with local human activities. Both correlation and Principal component Analysis (PCA) highlighted the significant roles that natural processes and anthropogenic influences play in determining groundwater quality. Health risk evaluations indicated heightened risks for children, suggesting that human activities contribute to these health threats. This research underscores the necessity of regular groundwater monitoring to identify any decline in water quality. The results illustrate the intricate relationship between geological conditions and human activities affecting groundwater quality, highlighting the need for thorough management strategies to ensure sustainable use of water resources and safeguard public health in the region studied.
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    Pollution Indices, Potential Ecological Risks and Spatial distribution of Heavy Metals in soils around Delta State, Nigeria
    (Springer Nature, 2024-06) Eyankware, M.O.; Akakuru, O.C.; Osisanya, W.O.; Igwe, E.O.; Ukor, K. P.
    The study investigated the pollution indices and potential ecological risks of heavy metals (HM) occurrence in the soil affected by municipal waste from selected parts of Delta state southern, Nigeria. The heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Heavy metals analyzed for this study are Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, and As. Findings obtained from a heavy metal risk assessment indices such as potential ecological risk assessment (ERI), index of geoaccumulation (Igeo), degree of contamination (Cdeg), and Nemerow Pollution (PNI) showed that human activities such as automobile mechanics, dumping of solid waste, and agricultural activities are the major source of heavy metals pollutionin soil within the study area. Findings obtained from Igeo are contrary to findings obtained from ERI which revealed soil samples were unpolluted, implying that the anthropogenic activities within the area had little influence on the ERI. Observation from Cdeg indicated a low contamination degree in the soil. Results from PNI showed that 36.4 %, 27.3 %, and 13.6% of analyzed soil sam ples were classified to be clean, slightly clean, and moderately polluted respectively. Deduction from Principal Component Analysis PCA analysis and Pearson correlation matrix suggested that anthropo genic activities within the study area have led to the occurrence of heavy metals in soil.