Ozobeme, A.A.Osisanya, W.O.Airen, O.J.Eyankware, O.M.Iluobe, E.O.2026-09-042026-09-042025-07Ozobeme, A. A., Osisanya, O. W., Airen, O. J., Eyankware, O. M., & Iluobe, O. E. (2025). 3D time-lapse geophysical imaging of fertilizer-induced soil and groundwater contamination in Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria. Environmental Contaminants Reviews, 8(2), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.26480/ecr.02.2025.59.652637-0778https://repository.fupre.edu.ng/handle/123456789/326Journal ArticleFertilizer contaminants can persist in subsurface environments, making remediation efforts costly and time consuming, particularly in areas with shallow aquifers and permeable soils. This study applied time-lapse geophysical methods to assess fertilizer-related soil and groundwater pollution in agricultural regions of Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria. Eight 2-D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) surveys were conducted, Including 16 grid-aligned lines across the Presco lowland and upland areas which were collated to form the 3 D models, along with a control line. Data were processed using RES3DINV and ZondRes3D to produce the 3-D resistivity models. Three-dimensional slices illustrated the downward migration of contaminants over time. Analysis of time-lapse data showed maximum vertical migration rates of 216.7 cm/month and horizontal rates of 750.0 cm/month at the initial site. At the second site, rates reached 122.5 cm/month vertically and 500.0 cm/month horizontally. Taking into account local hydrological and geological conditions, the contaminant plumes are projected to reach the dry sandy layer within 0.5 to 1 year.enArticle